What should you know?
Fetal growth restriction means a fetus is not reaching its growth potential because of placental, maternal or fetal factors. Not every small fetus is unwell; some are constitutionally small.
Assessment uses estimated fetal weight, abdominal circumference, percentiles and growth over time. A value below the 10th percentile prompts evaluation but is interpreted with Doppler and the full clinical picture.
Common symptoms and signs
- Uterine size measuring smaller than expected
- Low estimated weight or abdominal circumference on ultrasound
- No noticeable maternal symptom in many cases
- Reduced fetal movement in some pregnancies
Diagnosis and the role of ultrasound
Serial ultrasound evaluates biometry, estimated weight, fluid and growth velocity. Umbilical artery Doppler is central to assessing placental resistance and risk of deterioration.
- EFW and abdominal-circumference percentiles
- Interval growth
- Amniotic fluid volume
- Umbilical and other Doppler parameters when indicated
Ultrasound findings must be interpreted together with symptoms, examination and, when needed, laboratory or other imaging results. An image alone should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment.
Treatment and next steps
Surveillance frequency and delivery timing depend on gestational age, severity, Doppler findings and other complications. Decisions should be made by the obstetric care team.
Management is individual and depends on age, symptoms, imaging findings, other health conditions and pregnancy plans. Medication or a procedure should be selected with the appropriate clinician.
When is urgent care needed?
- Reduced or absent fetal movement
- Severe headache, visual change or high blood pressure
- Bleeding, leaking fluid or regular contractions
Related reading
- Normal fetal weight by week
- Fetal Doppler ultrasound
- Fetal movement — when does it start and when should you call a doctor?
When should you consult radiologist Lana Ezieshvili?
Radiologist Lana Ezieshvili performs targeted ultrasound examinations, describes findings using standard imaging criteria and explains the report in clear language.
If you have symptoms, a referral or need follow-up imaging, use the form below to book a visit with Lana Ezieshvili. Timely, appropriately selected imaging can reduce uncertainty and help determine the right next step.
This article is for education and does not replace medical advice. Seek urgent care for severe or rapidly worsening symptoms.