What should you know?
Hydronephrosis is dilatation of the kidney collecting system caused by impaired urine drainage or, sometimes, a temporary physiologic state. Severity and cause require timely assessment.
Urinary tract ultrasound evaluates the kidneys, bladder and, when requested, post-void residual volume. It helps detect obstruction, stones, cysts and structural changes.
Common symptoms and signs
- Grade and unilateral or bilateral distribution
- Possible ureteric dilatation
- Stone or another obstructing sign
- Thickness of the renal parenchyma
Diagnosis and the role of ultrasound
The radiologist measures the kidneys and parenchyma, assesses the collecting systems, focal findings and bladder wall. A moderately full bladder is often needed; residual urine is measured before and after voiding.
- Kidney size and parenchyma
- Stones or urinary tract dilatation
- Bladder wall and contents
- Post-void residual urine
Ultrasound findings must be interpreted together with symptoms, examination and, when needed, laboratory or other imaging results. An image alone should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment.
Treatment and next steps
Pain, infection or impaired kidney function requires prompt urology review; pregnancy-related dilatation is assessed separately. Results may guide urinalysis, kidney function tests, urology review or additional imaging.
Management is individual and depends on age, symptoms, imaging findings, other health conditions and pregnancy plans. Medication or a procedure should be selected with the appropriate clinician.
When is urgent care needed?
- Inability to urinate or a marked fall in urine output
- Severe flank pain with fever or chills
- Visible blood in urine with weakness or vomiting
Related reading
- Kidney stone — is it always visible on ultrasound?
- Urinary system ultrasound
- Abdominal pain during pregnancy — when is it normal and when should you call a doctor?
When should you consult radiologist Lana Ezieshvili?
Radiologist Lana Ezieshvili performs targeted ultrasound examinations, describes findings using standard imaging criteria and explains the report in clear language.
If you have symptoms, a referral or need follow-up imaging, use the form below to book a visit with Lana Ezieshvili. Timely, appropriately selected imaging can reduce uncertainty and help determine the right next step.
This article is for education and does not replace medical advice. Seek urgent care for severe or rapidly worsening symptoms.