What should you know?
The endometrium is the inner lining of the uterus. Its thickness changes naturally across the menstrual cycle, so a number cannot be interpreted without age, cycle day, hormone use and symptoms.
Before menopause, the lining normally grows from the early to late cycle. After menopause, any bleeding is clinically important and may require targeted ultrasound and sometimes tissue sampling.
Common symptoms and signs
- Irregular or prolonged bleeding
- Bleeding between periods
- Any bleeding after menopause
- An incidental ultrasound finding without symptoms
Diagnosis and the role of ultrasound
Transvaginal ultrasound measures the endometrium in the mid-sagittal plane and assesses uniformity, borders, intracavitary fluid and focal lesions. Saline sonography or hysteroscopy may clarify a suspected polyp.
- Cycle day and hormonal status
- Thickness and uniformity
- Focal polyp or submucosal fibroid
- Fluid within the uterine cavity
Ultrasound findings must be interpreted together with symptoms, examination and, when needed, laboratory or other imaging results. An image alone should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment.
Treatment and next steps
Next steps depend on age, bleeding pattern, risk factors and morphology. Observation, hormonal evaluation, endometrial biopsy or hysteroscopy may be appropriate.
Management is individual and depends on age, symptoms, imaging findings, other health conditions and pregnancy plans. Medication or a procedure should be selected with the appropriate clinician.
When is urgent care needed?
- Heavy bleeding with dizziness or weakness
- Any postmenopausal bleeding needs timely evaluation
- Possible pregnancy with pain and bleeding
Related reading
- Uterine polyp — symptoms, diagnosis and treatment
- Heavy menstrual bleeding — causes and treatment
- Late period and menstrual cycle disorders
When should you consult radiologist Lana Ezieshvili?
Radiologist Lana Ezieshvili performs targeted ultrasound examinations, describes findings using standard imaging criteria and explains the report in clear language.
If you have symptoms, a referral or need follow-up imaging, use the form below to book a visit with Lana Ezieshvili. Timely, appropriately selected imaging can reduce uncertainty and help determine the right next step.
This article is for education and does not replace medical advice. Seek urgent care for severe or rapidly worsening symptoms.